/*REM 11601 9723 9723 c\yonge.js 11:04:25 09915: yonge( to spell.js */ function yongb(tgg) { if (tgg=="glos") { return true; } bzw="99%"; bzh=""; test=tgg+" ";j=test.length; if (j<=2||test=="undefined ") { bzh="260" } else if (tgg=="bib") { bzw="990" } document.write(fsdb + bzw + "','" + bzh + "','solid lime',';font:16px,arial," + "verdana,serif,bold;')
"
+ "Yonge,        "
+ fntt + "www.archive.org/stream/historychristiangoog/historychristiangoog_djvu.tgg"
+ ">History of Christian Names       "
+ "   (Ciriaco Cirjar Cirko Cwrig Cyr Cyriac Cyriacus Cyriak"
+ "
Charlotte M.  Pub: MacMillan and Co., London, 1884  Dominica"
+ " et al Kyriake Kyriakos Kyrillos Nedele Quiric)"
+ "
8/11/1823~        (Republished by Gale Research Co., Book Tower,"
+ " Detroit, Michigan, USA 1966)"
+ "
 5/24/1901    LC#: 66-25691         (See"
+ fnew + "cbx.htm#butler>Alban Butler, too!  Local:"
+ fnew + "cbx.htm#yonge>bibliography entry  "
+ fnew + "yonge.htm>web page)"
+ "
             MPL#: 929.4 Y55 1966 3 43  0730547 0002 E1 1884   "
+ fwik + "Charlotte_Mary_Yonge','w'):
" + "
" + "
This mid-19th century name study" + " is a must have within any serious genealogical library. " + fbr2 + fnew + "cbx.htm#cirben ID=c>Ben Ciriacks discovered it" + " while wandering the stacks of the U. of New Mexico library in 1970 -" + " randomly selecting books off ofthe shelves that more often than not" + " had significant family history information in them.  But, the" + " 'scholarship & intelligence' contained in Charlotte Yonge's book was not" + " really appreciated by Ben until four decades of on-again, off-again" + " genealogical and family name history research - a lack of respect" + " Charlotte had undoubtedly encountered in the two decades after she" + " published her first edition in 1863 (at age 40) - as hinted at in her" + " 'extra paragraph' which was added to the PREFACE of the 1884 edition." + f2br2 + "But by 2009, based upon a whole lot more research, experience and" + " understanding, Ben could state that the History of Christian" + " Names by Charlotte M. Young is an OUTSTANDING" + " accomplishment by her and a MUST HAVE genealogical tool for" + " anyone researching their own (or any other) family name - Christian or" + " otherwise.
 
"); } function yben() { document.write("

*[ Ben Ciriacks note:  Kyriake" + " appears by itself as such in the" + fsel + "#kyriake>second full paragraph of page 218 - the associated" + " greek spelling appears by itself in the" + fsel + "#kyri>second paragraph of page 217 as "Kappa" + " upsilon rho iota alpha kappa eta   eta mu epsilon rho alpha"" + " (Kyriake emera) and its translation as "(the Lord's" + " day)". ]

"); } function ymenu(bzid,txt) { if (txt=="glos"&&bzid=="glos") { return true; } fill = " 
PageNav" + fill + "#cyril>Cyrill./Kyrill." + fill + "#cyri>Cyr/Cyriac" + fill + "#domi>Dominic." + fill + "#glos>glossary" + fill + "#kyri>Kyriakos" + fill + "#kyriake>Kyriake" + fill + "#nede>Nedele" + fill + "#pref>preface" + fill + "#sabb>Sabbath" + "
"); } function yongref(txt) {document.write(fscr + "yongb('" + txt + "')"); if (txt=="all"||txt=="bib"||txt=="preface") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('pref','" + txt + "') The first PREFACE of the book was signed by" + " the author on March 9th, 1863, an attribution paragraph of which is" + " included below.  The July 25th, 1884 edition published 21 years" + " later by MacMillan and Co. has an additional short paragraph included" + " below in its entirety.  All this text comes from the edition" + " republished in 1966 by the Gale Research Company." + "
"
+ "                               PREFACE.                                vii
" + "  ... Here my great aid has been a French edition of" + fsel + "#butler ID=t>Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints, where," + " in the notes, are many accounts of the locality and translations of" + " relics; also," + fsel + "#jameson ID=t>Mrs. Jamieson's Sacred and Legendary Art," + " together with many a chance" + " notice in histories or books of travels.  In each case I have tried" + " to find out whence the name came, whether it had a patron, and whether" + " the patron took it from the myths or heroes of his own country, or from" + " the meaning of the words.  I have then tried to classify the names," + " having found that to treat them merely alphabetically utterly destroyed" + " all their interest and connection.  It has been a loose" + " classification, first by language, then by meaning or spirit, but always" + " with the endeavour to make them appear in their connection, and to bring" + " out their interest.
...
"
+ "viii                            PREFACE.
...
March 9th, 1863." + "
-----------------
" + " After one-and-twenty years, I have been able to bring out the revised" + " edition for which I have long wished, having noted corrections as they" + " were kindly sent to me, and as I was able to make them.  I am" + " sensible that the work is entirely incomplete, and as I have not studied" + " philology much in the interval, I fear the book has not gained by the" + " delay as much as it ought to have done.  But at any rate, many" + " errors have been taken out, as well as much that was entirely useless and" + " irrelevant ; and as no subsequent publication has taken quite the same" + " ground, I hope that the present form of the History of Christian Names" + " may occupy the niche all the better for the cutting off its excrescences." + "  With thanks to the many who have aided in the correction," + "

C. M. YONGE. " + "           July 25th, 1884.

"); } if (txt=="all"||txt=="sabbath") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('sabb','" + txt + "')" + "[ The top of page 216, finishing the discussion of" + " Easter Names has no relevance to our family history project and" + " is, therefore, not included here.
"
+ "216                    NAMES FROM HOLY DAYS.                        [PART IV."
+ "
 . . ."
+ "
                    SECTION V.--Sunday Names.
" + "
  Sabbath (rest), in Hebrew, distinguished the seventh day," + " set apart from the service of the world in memory, first, of the" + " cessation of the work of creation, and next, of the repose of the" + " Israelites after their labours in Egypt." + "
  While the Sabbath was still the sacred day, it does not" + " appear to have suggested any historical name, except that of the father" + " of Joses Barsabas, whose father must have been Sabas.  In 532," + " however, was born in Cappadocia, Sabas, who became one of the most" + " distinguished patriarchs of the monks in Palestine ; and in 372, one of" + " the first converts to Christianity among the Goths, then stationed in" + " Wallachia, who had taken the name of Sabas, was martyred by being thrown" + " into the river Musaeus, now Mussovi.  The locality attached the" + " Slavonians to his name, and Sava is still common among them, as is Ssava" + " in Russia." + "
  Whether Sabea or Sabra, the king of Egypt's daughter, whom" + " St. George saved from the dragon, was named with any view to St. Sabas," + " cannot be guessed.  I have seen the name in an old English register," + " no doubt in honour of the exploit of our patron saint.
 "); } // this is for index, cl3 and branches introductions if (txt=="all"||txt=="cyri"||txt=="kyriakos") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('kyri','" + txt + "')" + " The first significant 'spelling' discovery upon researching our" + " Greek-German-American Cyriacks surname came from page 217 of" + " this book:" + "
CHAP. VII.]                        SUNDAY NAMES.                        217
" + "

  The day of rest gave place to the day" + " of Resurrection, the Lord's day, as we still" + " emphatically call it, after the example of the Apostles." + "
  St. John called it Kappa upsilon rho iota alpha" + " kappa eta   eta mu epsilon rho alpha (the Lord's" + " day), and in this he has been followed by the entire Greek Church," + " with whom Sundays are still Kyriakoi." + fscr + "yben()" + "
  It seems to have been the translators of the Septuagint" + " that first gave its highest sense to Kappa upsilon rho iota" + " omicron sigma (Kyrios), a lord or master, from the verb" + " Kappa upsilon rho epsilon omega (kyreo), to find," + " obtain, or possess." + fbr2 + fnew + "csx.htm ID=dcomic18g>St. Kyriakos, or, as Rome spelt him," + fnew + "csx.htm ID=dcomic18c>Cyriacus, was martyred under" + fnew + "czx.htm#di ID=m>Diocletian, had his relics dug up afterwards," + " and his arm given to the abbey of" + fnew + "cgx.htm#galtorf ID=t>Altdorff, in Alsace.  From him came" + "the Roman" + fnew + "cyrialci.htm#ciriaco ID=dcomic18c>Ciriaco and the French" + fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriac ID=dcomic18c>Cyriac, all of which may mean" + " either “the Lord's,” or “the Sunday" + " child.”" + fben + "This is the very first 'legitimate' reference" + " found in a genealogy related book by Ben Ciriacks back in 1970 in the U." + " of New Mexico Library." + fbend + "

Inexplicably, there is not a nationality" + " translation table for our primary family name, so Ben Ciriacks created" + " one here based upon Charlotte Yonge's text references.  Note that" + " the english Ciriackes and Ciriacks are not referenced in her" + " text but are included here for our own edification.  The first" + " edition may have had a table like this one which was left out of the 2nd" + " edition due to the 'normal confusion' associated with printing a book" + " including so many tables.
"
+ " +------------+------------+---------------------+"
+ "
 | Bulgarian. |  French.   |    Illyrian.        |"
+ "
 |  Nedelco   | Cyr Cyriac | Cirjar  Neda Nedan  |"
+ "
 |            |   Quiric   | Cirko   Nedelijka   |"
+ "
 | English.   |   Greek.   |         Nedeljko    |"
+ "
 |  Ciriackes |  Kyriake   |         Nedo        |"
+ "
 |  Ciriacks  |  Kyriakos  |                     |"
+ "
 +------------+------------+------------+--------+"
+ "
 |  Italian.  | Nestorian. |  SlavEtAl. | Welsh. |"
+ "
 |  Cyriacus  |  (Cyr)     |   Nedele   | Gwric  |"
+ "
 |  Ciriaco   |            | Nedelschko | Gwrig  |"
+ "
 +------------+------------+------------+--------+

" + fscr + "ymenu('cyri','" + txt + "') " + "
  At the same time a little" + fnew+ "cqx.htm ID=dcomic16g>Kyriakos of Iconium, a child of three years" + " old, fell, with his mother, Julitta, into the hands of the persecutors of" + fntt + "www.sacred-destinations.com/turkey/antioch-seleucia-pieria-church" + ".htm ID=t>Seleucia.  The prefect tried to" + " save the child, but he answered all the promises and threats alike with" + " "I am a Christian", till, in a rage" + ", the magistrate dashed his head on the steps of the tribunal, and his" + " mother, in her tortures, thanked Heaven for her child's glorious" + " martyrdom.  Their touching story made a deep impression, perhaps the" + " more from the wide dispersion of their supposed relics, which were said" + " to have been brought from" + fntt + "cantioch.htm>Antioch by St. Amator, to" + " Auxerre, about the year 400, and thence were dispersed" + " through French towns, and villages, in which he was called" + fnew + "cqx.htm ID=c>St. Quiric or St. Cyr." + "
  The ancient British Church became acquainted with the" + " mother and child through the Gallic.  Welsh hagiology owns them as" + " “Gwyl Gwric ac Elidan;” and Cwrig has been continued as a name" + " in Wales, whilst, on the other hand, the child is equally honoured in his" + " native East--by Russia, Armenia, Abyssinia, and even the Nestorian" + " Christians.  He is probably the source of the Illyrian names Cirjar" + " and Cirko." + fscr + "ymenu('cyril','" + txt + "')" + " The last paragraph of page 217 begins the discussion of the spellings" + " containing the double 'll' in place of an 'r' and has:
" + "  Kyrillos (Kappa upsilon rho iota lambda lambda" + " omicron sigma) fell to the lot of two great doctors of the Church--" + "patriarchs, the one of" + fnew + "citem.htm#alexandria>Alexandria, the other of" + fnew + "citem.htm#jerusalem>Jerusalem; also to two martyrs, one a young" + " boy, and thus it became widely known.  The Welsh had it as" + " Girioel, which really is nearer the pronunciation than our own Cyril," + " with a soft C.  It is a name known everywhere,
"
    + " +-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+"
+ "
 |  English. |   French. |   Portuguese. |  Spanish.  |"
+ "
 | Cyril     |  Cyrille  |  Cyrillo      | Cirilo     |"
+ "
 +-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+"
+ "
 |  Italian. |   German. |   Russian.    |  Illyrian. |"
+ "
 | Cirillo   |  Cyrill   |  Keereel      | Cirilo     |"
+ "
 |           |  Cyrilla  |               | Ciril Ciro |"
+ "
 +-----------+-----------+---------------+------------+
" + " but more in favour in the East than the West, and of honourable memory to" + " us for the sake of Kyrillos Lucar, the Byzantine patriarch," + " the correspondent of Laud, and afterwards a martyr.  Latterly"); } if (txt=="all"||txt=="domi"||txt=="kyriakos") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('kyriake','" + txt + "')
"
+ "218                    NAMES FROM HOLY DAYS.                         [PART IV.
" + "
[the top of this page starts with the end of the" + " sentence begun on the prior page]
" + " fashion has somewhat revived it in England; and the feminine, Cyrilla, is" + " known in Germany." + "
  Probably, however, this is only the diminutive of kyrios (a master), and did not begin with a religious import." + fscr + "spn('mackendrick','no','')" + "
  The Latin equivalent for the Greek" + fnew + "kyriake.htm ID=g>Kyriake* was Dies Emera" + " Dominica.  The immediate derivation of this word is in some" + " doubt.  It certainly is from Dominus; but there is some question" + " whether this word be from domo (to rule), a congener of the Greek" + " delta alpha mu alpha omega (damaou), and of our own" + " tame; or if it be from domus (a house), a word apparently" + " direct from the Greek delta omicron mu omricon sigma (domos)," + " from delta epsilon mu omega (demou) (to build); another" + " branch from that same root, meaning to rule or govern."); if (txt!="domi"){document.write(fscr + "yben()"); } } if (txt=="all"||txt=="domi") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('domi','" + txt + "')" + " The third full paragraph of page 218 contains the meat of the discussion" + " of the 'D' spellings with:

" + "  Dominicus, the adjective formed from this word, is found" + " in the French term for the Lord's prayer, l'Oraison Dominicale," + " and it likewise named the Lord's Day, Dies Dominica; Domenica, in Italy;" + " Domingo, in Spain; Dimanche, in France.  The first saint, who was" + " probably so called from being born on a Sunday, was San Dominico" + " of the Curiass, a recluse of the Italian Alps, whose mortification" + " consisted in wearing an iron cuirass, which he never took off except to" + " scourge himself.  He died in 1024 ; and a still sterner" + " disciplinarian afterwards bore the same name, that Dominico" + " whom the pope beheld in a vision upbearing the Church as a pillar, and" + " who did his utmost to extirpate the Albigenses ; whose name is connected" + " with the foundation of the Inquisition, and whose brotherhood spread" + " wherever Rome's dominion was owned.  He is saint for namesakes out" + " of Romanist lands, but in these it occurs, and has an Italian feminine," + " Domenica; for short, Menica.  Perhaps this likewise accounts for the" + " Spanish Mendez and Mencia.  This last may, however, be from Monica," + " the mother of St. Augustine, whose name has never been" + " accounted for.  It may be from some unknown language ; but is" + " sometimes supposed to be from moneo to advise.  Monique is" + " rather a favourite with French peasants, and Moncha was Irish, but it has" + " not been as common as it deserves.

"
    + " +-------------+------------+-------------+-----------+"
+ "
 |  Irish.     |  French.   |  "
+ "Italian.   |  Spanish. |"
+ "
 | Domnech     | Dimanche   | Domenica    | Domingo   |"
+ "
 | Dominic     | Dominicale | " + fnew + "czx.htm#do ID=m>Dominica"
+ "    | Mendez    |"
+ "
 | Moncha      | Dominique  | Domenico    | Mencia    |"
+ "
 |             | Monique    | Domenichino | (Monica)  |"
+ "
 |             |            | Menico      |           |"
+ "
 +-------------+------------+-------------+-----------+"
+ "
 | Portuguese. |  Slavonic. |  "
+ "Hungarian. |  Servian. |"
+ "
 |  Domingos   | Dominik    | Domokos     | Dominic   |"
+ "
 |             | Domogoj    |             | Menz      |"
+ "
 |             | Dinko      |             | Menzel    |"
+ "
 |             | Dunko      |             |           |"
+ "
 +-------------+------------+-------------+-----------+
"); } if (txt=="all"||txt=="nede") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('nede','" + txt + "')" + " The last paragraph of page 218, completing the discussing of Sunday names" + ", has:
" + "   The Slavonians have, however, a name for their Sunday in" + " their own tongue--Nedele ; and have formed from it the Nedelco of the" + " Bulgarians ; the Nedeljko, Nedan, Nedo, and the feminine, Nedelijka and" + " Neda, of the Illyrians."); } if (txt=="all") { document.write("
      CHAP. VII.]                     "
+ "    SUNDAY NAMES.                          219
" + "
  I am aware of no other names from the days of the week," + " except the 'Thursday October Christian' of Pitcairn's Island, who was" + " probably so called in recollection of the Man Friday." + "
  All Saints' Day has furnished Spain with Santos ; and" + " France, or rather San Domingo, with Toussaint, unless this last be a" + " corruption, or, perhaps, a pious adaptation, of Thorstein--Thor's stone," + " turned into All Saints.*" + "

* Grimm; Church Festivals and Household Words; Butler;" + " Rees, Welsh Saints; Facciolati; Michaelis." + "

(the rest of page 219 is blank)

"); } if (txt=="all"||txt=="domi"||txt=="glos") { document.write(fscr + "ymenu('glos','" + txt + "')" + "The names relevant to our family history project and contained in the text" + " or in the 126 page Glossary are:
"
+ " Ciriaco  (Sunday child - Glossary)     Dimanche    (Lord)  (France p.218)"
+ "
 Ciril    (lordly - Glossary)           Dinko       (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cirilo   (lordly - Glossary)           Domenica    (Lord)"
+ "
 Cirjar   (Sunday child - Glossary)     Domingo     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cirko    (Sunday child - Glossary)     Domingos    (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Ciro     (lordly - Glossary)           Dominic     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cwrig    (Sunday child - Glossary)     " + fnew + "czx.htm#do>Dominica    (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
" + fnew + "cqx.htm ID=c>Cyr         (Sunday child - Glossary)  Dominichino (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyriac   (Sunday child - Glossary)     Dominico    (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
" + fnew + "cxx.htm ID=c>Cyriacus (Sunday child - Glossary)     Dominicus   (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyriak   (Sunday child - Glossary)     Dominik     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyril    (lordly - Glossary)           Dominique   (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyrill   (lordly - Glossary)           Dominus"
+ "
 Cyrilla  (lordly - Glossary)           Domnech     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyrille  (lordly - Glossary)           Domogoj     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Cyrillo  (lordly - Glossary)           Domokos     (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
 Gwric    (Sunday child - Glossary)     Dunko       (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
" + fnew + "cqx.htm ID=c>Gwyl Gwric ac     Elidan (St. Cyr & Julitta)"
+ "
 Gwril    (lordly - Glossary)           Neda        (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
 keereel  (lordly - Glossary)           Nedan       (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
 kyreo    (find, obtain or possess)     Nedele      (Sunday)"
+ "
" + fnew + "kyriake.htm ID=g>Kyriake  (p. 217 & 218)                Nedelko     (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
 Kyriakoi (Sunday)                      " + fnew + "kyriake.htm ID=cy>Nedeljka    (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
 Kyriakos (Sunday child or Lord's       Nedelschko  (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
           -possessive - Glossary)      Nedo        (Sunday - Glossary)"
+ "
 Kyrillos (lordly - Glossary)"
+ "
 kyrios   (lord or master)              Quiric   (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
"); if (txt!="glos") { document.write("Although there are many" + " valid 'D' & 'N' surnames similar to or the same as those shown above, we" + " assume they were not members of any ancient" + fnew + "changes.htm>'name changing' branches of our extended family. " + " But, just in case, all possibilities are included in order to avoid" + " wasting time revisiting them ad infinitum.  ANY SPELLING that has a" + fnew + "changes.htm#ch-kayes>spelling change history pointing back to" + " our ancient family name is included as discovered." + "

All of the 'D' and 'N' spellings are now included in our total surname" + " spellings count.  The most common forms which are known to relate to" + " us are" + fnew + "czx.htm#do ID=m>Domnica, which is not in the Yonge book, and" + fnew + "czx.htm#do ID=m>Dominica which are most often related to" + fcyra + " in the past and at present.

"); } } if (txt!="cyri"&&txt!="bib"&&txt!="glos"&&txt!="preface") { document.write("

This webmaster has taken the" + " liberty of rendering the greek characters shown in the book into their" + " english phonetic words, since the greek alphabet is not so easily" + " recognized by many of us. " + fben + "It'll take a while to capture the greek words, convert them to" + " images and display them in the text as the author intended." + fbend + "
"); } if (txt!="glos") { document.write(""); } }