/*REM 10528 9723 9723 c\yonge.js 10:24:25
09915: yonge( to spell.js
*/
function yongb(txt) {
bzh="260";
if (txt=="cyri") { bzw="500" } else { bzw="840" }
if (txt=="cyr") { bzh="350" }
document.write("");
if (txt!="cyri") {
document.write("Yonge, History of Christian Names (p217+"
+ " Ciriaco Cirjar Cirko Cwrig Cyr Cyriac"
+ "
Charlotte M. Pub: MacMillan and Co., London, 1884 "
+ "Cyriacus Cyriak Dominica et al Kyriakos Quiric)"
+ "
8/11/1823~ (Republished by Gale Research Co., Book Tower,"
+ " Detroit, 1966)"
+ "
5/24/1901 LC#: 66-25691 (See Alban"
+ " Butler, too! local"
+ " bibliography entry)"
+ "
MPL#: 929.4 Y55 1966 3 43 0730547 0002 E1 1884 wiki('Charlotte_Mary_Yonge','w')
");
}
}
function yongc() {
document.write("This mid-19th century name study is a must"
+ " read by any aspiring genealogist. Ben Ciriacks first came across it"
+ " while wandering the stacks of the University of New Mexico library in"
+ " 1970. But, the 'intelligence' contained in Charlotte Yonge's"
+ " book was not really appreciated by Ben until four decades of on-again,"
+ " off-again genealogical research. A lack of respect Charlotte had"
+ " undoubtedly encountered in the two decades after she published her first"
+ " edition in 1863 (at age 40) and is hinted at in her 'extra' paragraph,"
+ " below, which was added to the PREFACE of the 1884 edition.
"
+ " But by 2009, and based upon a whole lot more research, experience"
+ " and understanding, Ben could state that the History of Christian Names by Charlotte M. Young is an"
+ " OUTSTANDING accomplishment by her and is an "
+ "OUTSTANDING genealogical tool for anyone researching their own (or"
+ " anyone else's) family name. As her"
+ " "
+ " states:"Her History of Christian Names was described as 'the first serious attempt at tackling the subject' and as the"
+ " standard work on names in the preface to the first edition of The Oxford"
+ " Dictionary of English Christian Names, 1944."
"); }
function yongref(txt) {
document.write("
");
if (txt=="cyr"||txt=="cyri"||txt=="kyriakos") {
document.write("
At the same time a little Kyriakos of Iconium, a child of three years"
+ " old, fell, with his mother, Julitta, into the hands of the persecutors of"
+ " Seleucia. The prefect tried to"
+ " save the child, but he answered all the promises and threats alike with"
+ " "I am a Christian", till, in a rage"
+ ", the magistrate dashed his head on the steps of the tribunal, and his"
+ " mother, in her tortures, thanked Heaven for her child's glorious"
+ " martyrdom. Their touching story made a deep impression, perhaps the"
+ " more from the wide dispersion of their supposed relics, which were said"
+ " to have been brought from Antioch by"
+ " St. Amator, to Auxerre, about the year 400, and"
+ " thence were dispersed through French towns, and villages, in which he was"
+ " called St. Quiric or St. Cyr."
+ "
The ancient British Church became acquainted with the"
+ " mother and child through the Gallic. Welsh hagiology owns them as"
+ " “Gwyl Gwric ac Elidan;” and Cwrig has been continued as a name"
+ " in Wales, whilst, on the other hand, the child is equally honoured in his"
+ " native East--by Russia, Armenia, Abyssinia, and even the Nestorian"
+ " Christians. He is probably the source of the Illyrian names Cirjar"
+ " and Cirko.
[ Inexplicably, the author left"
+ " out a nationality translation table for our primary family name, so Ben"
+ " Ciriacks created one based upon her text references. ]"
+ " +----------+-----------+-----------+"
+ "
| French. | Greek. | Italian. |"
+ "
| Cyr | Kyriakos | Cyriacus |"
+ "
| Cyriac | | Ciriaco |"
+ "
| Quiric | | |"
+ "
+----------+-----------+-----------+"
+ "
| Welsh. | Russian. | Illyrian.|"
+ "
| Gwric | Armenian. | Cirjar |"
+ "
| Gwrig |Abyssinian.| Cirko |"
+ "
| |Nestorian. | |"
+ "
| |?noneGiven?| |"
+ "
+----------+-----------+-----------+
");
}
if (txt=="dom") {
document.write("218 NAMES FROM HOLY DAYS. "
+ " [PART IV.
"
+ "
The Latin equivalent for the Greek Kyriake"
+ "* was Dies Emera Dominica. The immediate"
+ " derivation of this word is in some doubt. It"
+ " certainly is from Dominus; but there is some question whether this word"
+ " be from domo (to rule), a congener of the Greek delta"
+ " alpha mu alpha omega (damaou), and of our own tame; or if it"
+ " be from domus (a house), a word apparently direct from the Greek"
+ " delta omicron mu omricon sigma (domos), from delta"
+ " epsilon mu omega (demou) (to build); another branch from that same"
+ " root, meaning to rule or govern."
+ "
*The Kyriake on page 218 may have been"
+ " referenced in the first edition as an 'assumed' abbreviated form of the"
+ " two words Kappa upsilon rho iota alpha kappa eta (Kyriake) "
+ " eta mu epsilon rho alpha (emera) described at the top of page"
+ " 217. In any case, the unstated implication is that they both meant"
+ " 'church'.
"
+ "
Dominicus, the adjective formed from this word, is found"
+ " in the French term for the Lord's prayer, l'Oraison Dominicale,"
+ " and it likewise named the Lord's Day, Dies Dominica; Domenica, in Italy;"
+ " Domingo, in Spain; Dimanche, in France. The first saint, who was"
+ " probably so called from being born on a Sunday, was San Dominico"
+ " of the Curiass, a recluse of the Italian Alps, whose mortification"
+ " consisted in wearing an iron cuirass, which he never took off except to"
+ " scourge himself. He died in 1024 ; and a still sterner"
+ " disciplinarian afterwards bore the same name, that Dominico"
+ " whom the pope beheld in a vision upbearing the Church as a pillar, and"
+ " who did his utmost to extirpate the Albigenses ; whose name is connected"
+ " with the foundation of the Inquisition, and whose brotherhood spread"
+ " wherever Rome's dominion was owned. He is saint for namesakes out"
+ " of Romanist lands, but in these it occurs, and has an Italian feminine,"
+ " Domenica; for short, Menica. Perhaps this likewise accounts for the"
+ " Spanish Mendez and Mencia. This last may, however, be from Monica,"
+ " the mother of St. Augustine, whose name has never been"
+ " accounted for. It may be from some unknown language ; but is"
+ " sometimes supposed to be from moneo to advise. Monique is"
+ " rather a favourite with French peasants, and Moncha was Irish, but it has"
+ " not been as common as it deserves."
+ " +-------------+-----------+------------+----------+"
+ "
| Irish. | French. | Italian. | Spanish.|"
+ "
| Domnech | Dominique | Domenico | Domingo |"
+ "
| Dominic | | Domenichino| Mendez |"
+ "
| | | Menico | |"
+ "
+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+"
+ "
| Portuguese.| Slavonic.| Hungarian.| Dominic |"
+ "
| Domingos | Dominik | Domokos | Menz |"
+ "
| | Domogoj | | Menzel |"
+ "
| | Dinko | | |"
+ "
| | Dunko | | |"
+ "
+-------------+-----------+------------+----------+
"
+ " The Slavonians have, however, a name for their Sunday in"
+ " their own tongue--Nedele ; and have formed from it the Nedelco of the"
+ " Bulgarians ; the Nedeljko, Nedan, Nedo, and the feminine, Nedelijka and"
+ " Neda, of the Illyrians. "
+ "CHAP. VII.] SUNDAY NAMES. 219
"
+ "
I am aware of no other names from the days of the week,"
+ " except the 'Thursday October Christian' of Pitcairn's Island, who was"
+ " probably so called in recollection of the Man Friday."
+ "
All Saints' Day has furnished Spain with Santos ; and"
+ " France, or rather San Domingo, with Toussaint, unless this last be a"
+ " corruption, or, perhaps, a pious adaptation, of Thorstein--Thor's stone,"
+ " turned into All Saints.*"
+ "* Grimm; Church Festivals and Household Words; Butler;"
+ " Rees, Welsh Saints; Facciolati; Michaelis."
+ "
(the rest of page 219 is blank"); }
// this is for index, cl3 and branches introductions
if (txt=="kyriakos") {
document.write("The first significant, albeit unappreciated discovery "
+ "(see the discussion at the end of this segment) into researching"
+ " our German-American family name, Cyriacks, came from inside"
+ " the pages of this book. The bottom half of p. 216 begins the SECTION V.--Sunday Names. section with a discussion of"
+ " the Sabbath. More relevant for us, all of page 217 and the topmost"
+ " portion of page 218 are quoted here in their entirety:"
+ "CHAP. VII.] SUNDAY NAMES. 217
"
+ " The day of rest gave place to the day"
+ " of Resurrection, the Lord's day, as we still"
+ " emphatically call it, after the example of the Apostles."
+ "
St. John called it Kappa upsilon rho iota alpha"
+ " kappa eta eta mu epsilon rho alpha (Kyriake emera) (the"
+ " Lord's day), and in this he has been followed by the entire Greek Church,"
+ " with whom Sundays are still Kyriakoi."
+ "
It seems to have been the translators of the Septuagint"
+ " that first gave its highest sense to Kappa upsilon rho iota"
+ " omicron sigma (Kyrios)), a lord or master, from the verb"
+ " Kappa upsilon rho epsilon omega (kyreo), to find,"
+ " obtain, or possess."
+ "
St. Kyriakos,"
+ " or, as Rome spelt him, Cyriacus, was martyred under Diocletian, had his relics dug up afterwards, and his arm"
+ " given to the abbey of Altdorff"
+ ", in Alsace. From him came the Roman Ciriaco and the French Cyriac, all of which may mean"
+ " either “the Lord's,” or “the Sunday child.”"); }
if (txt=="kyriakos"||txt=="kyrillos") {
document.write("
Kyrillos (Kappa upsilon rho iota"
+ " lambda lambda omicron sigma) fell to the lot of two great doctors of"
+ " the Church--patriarchs, the one of Alexandria, the other of Jerusalem;"
+ " also to two martyrs, one a young boy, and thus it became widely known."
+ " The Welsh had it as Girioel, which really is nearer the"
+ " pronunciation than our own Cyril, with a soft C. It is a name known"
+ " everywhere, but more in favour in the East than the West, and of"
+ " honourable memory to us for the sake of Kyrillos Lucar, the"
+ " Byzantine patriarch, the correspondent of Laud, and afterwards a"
+ " martyr. Latterly
"
+ " +-----------+-----------+---------------+-----------+"
+ "
| English. | French. | Portuguese. | Spanish. |"
+ "
| Cyril | Cyrille | Cyrillo | Cirilo |"
+ "
+-----------+-----------+---------------+-----------+"
+ "
| Italian. | German | Russian. | Illyrian.|"
+ "
| Cirillo | Cyrill | Keereel | Cirilo |"
+ "
| | | | Ciril |"
+ "
| | | | Ciro |"
+ "
+-----------+-----------+---------------+-----------+"
+ "218 NAMES FROM HOLY DAYS. [PART IV.
"
+ " fashion has somewhat revived it in England; and the feminine, Cyrilla, is"
+ " known in Germany."
+ "BR> Probably, however, this is only the diminutive of kyrios (a master), and did not begin with a religious import."
+ "
The Latin equivalent for the Greek Kyriake"
+ "* was Dies Emera Dominica. ... (see our"
+ " Domnica/Dominica discussion for"
+ " more of this paragraph regarding that spelling.)
"); }
if (txt=="kyriakos"||txt=="preface") {
document.write("
"
+ "The first PREFACE of the book was signed by the author on March 9th, 1863,"
+ " an attribution portion of which is included immediately below. The"
+ " July 25th, 1884 edition published 21 years later by MacMillan and Co.,"
+ " London, has the additional short paragraph included at the end below in"
+ " its entirety. All this text comes from the edition republished in"
+ " 1966 by Gale Research Company, Detroit, Michigan, USA."
+ " PREFACE. vii
"
+ " ... Here my great aid has been a French edition of Alban Butler's Lives of the Saints,"
+ " where, in the notes, are many accounts of the locality and"
+ " translations of relics; also, Mrs."
+ " Jamieson's Sacred and Legendary Art, together with many a chance"
+ " notice in histories or books of travels. In each case I have tried"
+ " to find out whence the name came, whether it had a patron, and whether"
+ " the patron took it from the myths or heroes of his own country, or from"
+ " the meaning of the words. I have then tried to classify the names,"
+ " having found that to treat them merely alphabetically utterly destroyed"
+ " all their interest and connection. It has been a loose"
+ " classification, first by language, then by meaning or spirit, but always"
+ " with the endeavour to make them appear in their connection, and to bring"
+ " out their interest. . . .
"
+ "viii PREFACE.
. . .March 9th, 1863."
+ "
-----------------
"
+ " After one-and-twenty years, I have been able to bring out the revised"
+ " edition for which I have long wished, having noted corrections as they"
+ " were kindly sent to me, and as I was able to make them. I am"
+ " sensible that the work is entirely incomplete, and as I have not studied"
+ " philology much in the interval, I fear the book has not gained by the"
+ " delay as much as it ought to have done. But at any rate, many"
+ " errors have been taken out, as well as much that was entirely useless and"
+ " irrelevant ; and as no subsequent publication has taken quite the same"
+ " ground, I hope that the present form of the History of Christian Names"
+ " may occupy the niche all the better for the cutting off its excrescences."
+ " With thanks to the many who have aided in the correction,"
+ "C. M. YONGE. "
+ " July 25th, 1884.
"); }
if (txt=="dom"||txt=="gloss") {
document.write("
Some of the names referenced in pages 217~219 and in the"
+ " Glossary are:"
+ " Ciriaco (Sunday child - Glossary) Dimanche (Lord) (France p.218)"
+ "
Ciril (lordly - Glossary) Dinko (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cirilo (lordly - Glossary) Domenica (Lord)"
+ "
Cirjar (Sunday child - Glossary) Domingo (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cirko (Sunday child - Glossary) Domingos (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Ciro (lordly - Glossary) Dominic (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cwrig (Sunday child - Glossary) Dominica (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyr (Sunday child - Glossary) Dominichino (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyriac (Sunday child - Glossary) Dominico (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyriacus (Sunday child - Glossary) Dominicus (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyriak (Sunday child - Glossary) Dominik (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyril (lordly - Glossary) Dominique (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyrill (lordly - Glossary) Dominus"
+ "
Cyrilla (lordly - Glossary) Domnech (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyrille (lordly - Glossary) Domogoj (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Cyrillo (lordly - Glossary) Domokos (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
Gwric p 217 (Sunday child - Glossary) Gwyl Gwric ac Elidan (St. Cyr & Julitta)"
+ "
Gwril (lordly - Glossary) Dunko (Sunday child - Glossary)"
+ "
kyreo (find, obtain or possess)"
+ "
Kyriake (church)"
+ "
Kyriakoi (Sunday)"
+ "
Kyriakos (Sunday child or Lord's-possessive - Glossary)"
+ "
Kyrillos (lordly - Glossary)"
+ "
kyrios (lord or master)"
+ "
Quiric (Sunday child - Glossary)
"
+ "
Although there are many valid 'D' surnames similar to or the"
+ " same as those shown above, we are going to assume they were not members"
+ " of any ancient 'name changing' branches of our extended family. We"
+ " will include the 'C' 'G' 'K' 'Q' beginnings with obviously similar"
+ " spellings. Those dissimilar spellings that have change histories"
+ " pointing back to our ancient family name(s) are being included as they"
+ " are discovered."
+ "None of the 19 'D' spellings above are included in our surname"
+ " spellings count of 1523 as of August 2009; neither are they included"
+ " elsewhere except when related directly to ancient spellings. "
+ " Usually, it's Domnica, which is not in the"
+ " Yonge book, or Dominica which have been"
+ " related to Cyriaca in the past and at"
+ " present.
"); }
if (txt!="preface"&&txt!="cyri") { document.write("This webmaster has taken"
+ " the liberty of rendering the greek characters shown in the book into"
+ " their english phonetic words, since the greek alphabet is not so easily"
+ " recognized by many of us. [ It'll take a while"
+ " to capture the greek words, convert them to images and display them in"
+ " the text as the author intended. ]
"); }
if (txt=="sabbath") {
document.write("[ The top of page 216 finishes the discussion of"
+ " Easter Names, has no relevance to our family history project and,"
+ " therefore, is not included here."
+ "216 NAMES FROM HOLY DAYS. [PART IV."
+ " . . ."
+ "
SECTION V.--Sunday Names. [PART IV.
"
+ "
Sabbath (rest), in Hebrew, distinguished the seventh day,"
+ " set apart from the service of the world in memory, first, of the"
+ " cessation of the work of creation, and next, of the repose of the"
+ " Israelites after their labours in Egypt."
+ "
While the Sabbath was still the sacred day, it does not"
+ " appear to have suggested any historical name, except that of the father"
+ " of Joses Barsabas, whose father must have been Sabas. In 532,"
+ " however, was born in Cappadocia, Sabas, who became one of the most"
+ " distinguished patriarchs of the monks in Palestine ; and in 372, one of"
+ " the first converts to Christianity among the Goths, then stationed in"
+ " Wallachia, who had taken the name of Sabas, was martyred by being thrown"
+ " into the river Musaeus, now Mussovi. The locality attached the"
+ " Slavonians to his name, and Sava is still common among them, as is Ssava"
+ " in Russia."
+ "
Whether Sabea or Sabra, the king of Egypt's daughter, whom"
+ " St. George saved from the dragon, was named with any view to St. Sabas,"
+ " cannot be guessed. I have seen the name in an old English register,"
+ " no doubt in honour of the exploit of our patron saint."); }
document.write("");
}