/*REM 11706 1122 1122 c\jam1.js 16:45:15
see popadmin for "c" folder unique parameters
*/
// spell.js is only called from cgx & cyrial pages
document.write(""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ " "
+ " "
+ " "
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ ""
+ "");
function allert(tgg,bzl) { // no apostrophes or HTML coding
// alert("This line break process will" + '\n' + "not work with ftem!");
fatem="Note"
switch(tgg) {
case "anarchy" : {ftem="Caracalla (211~17) may have laid the groundwork for"
+ " what became the Period of Military Anarchy (235 ~ 284) through his"
+ " assassinations of those leaders who could have prevented it. He used"
+ " the DAMNATIO MEMORIAE method to erase the memory of his assassinated"
+ " brother. *** That same method may have been used by the Church around 235"
+ " to erase the memory of the legendary Pope Ciriacus who was said to have"
+ " abandoned his post to follow Ursula and her cadre of virgins into"
+ " martyrdom."; break}
case "hist" : {fatem="Historians"; ftem="Ben Ciriacks, creator and original webmaster"
+ " of this web site, suspects that Ciriaco de Pizzicoli (aka Cyriacus of"
+ " Ancona 1391~1455±) was another CIRIACO CYRIACUS KURIACOU KURIAKOS et al"
+ " family historian - in the 15th century. No evidence of his presumed"
+ " genealogical writings have been found. *** But, the various spellings of"
+ " our family name that he used hints that he wanted to pass along the"
+ " information that those spellings were related - POSSIBLY to the same"
+ " extended family residing throughout the Mediterranean - then, before then"
+ " and to this day."; break}
case "lucina" : {fatem="Lucina"; ftem="Lucina (light) is the name of women often referenced"
+ " in conjunction with the burial sites (Catacombs) of the first three"
+ " centuries. *** It could have been a pseudonym used when referring to any"
+ " of the wealthy and politically powerful Christian women who helped"
+ " maintain the integrity and secrecy of those sacred graves."; break}
case "pagan" : {fatem="Pagans"; ftem="Requiring suspected Christians to tithe and pray to the"
+ " pagan gods was a common way authorities within the Roman Empire confirmed"
+ " their Christian identity. Sometimes the purpose was to enslave them for"
+ " cheap labor on some public works project; to kill them as scapegoats in"
+ " order to satisfy an angry public; or to kill them and confiscate their"
+ " wealth in order to satisfy public demands for war or other needs."; break}
case "why" : { fatem="Why?"; ftem="Some items are included because they are"
+ " so similar to others that excluding them would foster more confusion than"
+ " clarity *** and because the normal confusion arising during translation"
+ " from one language/alphabet to another, combined with their similarity,"
+ " predisposes the result to the numerous discrepancies we find in various"
+ " references over the centuries ** and because they may validate statements"
+ " made elsewhere in more relevant narratives."; break}
default: {ftem=falert; break} }
if (bzl=="show") { document.write(fatem + ": " + ftem); } else {
document.write(""); }
}
function antioch() {
document.write("
");
}
function wright(txt) {
if (txt!="not") {
document.write("Discovered in July 2008, thanks to an"
+fntt+"ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2004/2004-07-69.html>OUSTANDING review by"
+ fntt + "nauplion.net/index.html>Diana Wright, of the Edward W. Bodnar &"
+ " Clive Foss book,"
+ fntt + "nauplion.net/cyriaco.html ID=c>Cyriac of Ancona: Later"
+ " Travels. (The I Tatti Renaissance Library. Cambridge, MA: Harvard"
+ " University Press, 2003. Pp. xxii, 459. ISBN 0-674-00758-1. $29.95) has:"
+ "
"Called Cyriacus in Latin, German, and sometimes in"
+ " English; Cyriaque in French; and Ciriaco de' Pizzecolli in Italian. "
+ " He usually signed himself as Kyriacus Anconitanus de Picenicollibus"
+ " (abbreviated to K.A.P.) or, occasionally in his later years, as Kuriakos"
+ " ho ex Ankônos."
"); }
document.write("
");
}
var bzanco="D. I. S. MASIELLAE. K. F. SILVATICAI MODESTAI MVLIERI KYRIACVS PH.F. PICENICOLLES PARENTI PIENTISS. ET SIBI CLARAEQ. L. KORE H.M.H.N.S.";
var bzcant="Hic jacet reverendissimus in Christo Pater & dominus D. THOMAS BOURGCHIER, quondam sacrosanctæ Romanæ ecclesiæ S. Ciriaci in Thermis presbyt cardinalis, & archiepiscopus bujus ecclesiæ qui obiit 30 die mens. Martin, 1486, cujus animæ propitietur altissimus.";
var bzrome="Petrus presb. Card. Ciriaci in sua prisca paroecia et in archiepiscopum Tarsenen consecrari et in Domino requiescere voluit.";
/* ciriaci('cant')
ctitulus.htm loads titulus('620')
which has the name=bour and name=pietro anchor reference tags.
*/
function ciriaci(txt) {
bzw="90"; bzh="1"; fil2=""
if (txt=="anco") { bzw="96"; bzh="1";
fill=bzanco
fil1="
2/11/2011: " + fnewg
+ " Diana Gilliland Wright's"
+ fntt + "surprisedbytime.blogspot.com/2011/02/cyriacos-kore.html ID=t>07"
+ " February 2011 "Cyriaco's Kore" posting"
+ " disseminates some significant intelligence regarding"
+ fnew+ "cix.htm ID=c>Cyriaco (of Ancona) that is shared herewith. "
+ " ""
+ fnew + "cix.htm ID=dcomic18c>Cyriaco, the man"
+ " who collected epigraphs wrote one for the tomb in which he intended to"
+ " be buried in Ancona. He was buried instead in a plague grave in"
+ " Cremona, but when he was able to plan ahead he wrote:"";
fil2="
Diana Wright's rough translation is:
To"
+ " the immortal god(s). [This is the tomb of] Masiella Cyriaco,"
+ " daughter of the Silvaticai, chaste mother, Cyriaco son of "
+ "Philippo Pizzicoli most pius parent and his kore, Clara, "
+ "freedwoman.
Ben Ciriacks' literal translation"
+ " is:
D. I. S. Masiellae, K. F. Silvaticai modest mother"
+ " Kyriacus PH.F. Picenicolles parent(s) most pius and"
+ " significant other** Claraeq. L. kore H.M.H.N.S.
**Significant in respect to being the 4th of 4 persons"
+ " memorialized in this proposed engraved in stone epigraph.
"
+ fscr + "wright('not')
";
}
if (txt=="cant") {
fill=bzcant
fil1="
" + fnew + "ctitulus.htm#bour ID=dcomic18t>Thomas Bourgchier (14??~4/6/1486) (Bourchier/Bourghier), former chancellor of England and Archbishop of Canterbury, had the" + fnew + "ctitulus.htm ID=dcomic18c>Title St. Cyriacus (Ciriaci in Thermis) assigned to him in 1465 when he became a Cardinal of the church of Rome. His body is buried in his own cathedral church of Canterbury with a brass inscription that reads:";
fil2="
Note the correct spelling of his name in his inscription that almost everyone ignores.
";
}
if (txt=="rome") {
fill=bzrome
fil1="
Rome" + fnew + "ctitulus.htm#pietro ID=dcomic18c>Cardinal Pietro Ciriaci (12/2/1885~12/30/1966) had this inscription composed for the stone covering his tomb in the first chapel on the right of the Basilica of Saint Lawrence in Lucina on the Via Tiburtina in Rome:";
}
document.write("
" + fil1 + "
"
+ fill + "
" + fil2 + "
");
}
/* 09630 cox csx czx need put into popbath */
function bathouse() {
document.write("
Baths were to the "
+ "water oriented ancients what super-malls were to us "
+ "automobile oriented, 'pre-internet' moderns."
+ "
To consider how extensive these 'structures' were, one should think of"
+ " them more in the line of present day shopping centers rather than present"
+ " day bathhouses. These were the places where those in the know went"
+ " daily to keep up with the latest news. They provided a lot more"
+ " than just bathing and personal hygiene services. For example, the"
+ fntt + "www.g7finance.tesoro.it/en/2009ItalianPresidency/Meetings/February/"
+ "Venues/indexMore.html ID=18t>History of the "Palazzo delle"
+ " Finanze" site, in a reference to the largest such baths"
+ " construction in ancient Rome, has:
Started in 298 A.D. by"
+ fnew + "czx.htm#maxim>Maximian, joint emperor with"
+ " Diocletian, the Baths were designed according to a quadrangular plan, the"
+ " central part of which was located at the site of the current"
+ fnew + "www.santamariadegliangeliroma.it/paginamastersing.html?codice_url="
+ "parrocchia&ramo_home=Parrocchia&lingua=INGLESE ID=16t>Basilica di Santa"
+ " Maria degli Angeli. The Baths, which could accommodate more"
+ " than 3,000 people, included not only the classic calidarium, tepidarium"
+ " and frigidarium, but also exercise rooms, a pool, locker rooms, space for"
+ " massages and relaxation, and rooms for reading and listening to"
+ " music. ...
"
+ "
In fact, the introduction of cheap and plentiful clean water into Rome"
+ " gave rise to much the same activities that cheap and plentiful"
+ " automobiles did for us. Of course, the automobiles involved travel,"
+ " and water involved, well, water related activities. The aqueducts"
+ " transporting the water were much like the present day United States"
+ " interstate highway system transporting our vehicles. They provided"
+ " the impetus for all kinds of economic, political and social development,"
+ " intrigue and associated services and constituencies.
");
}
function battle(bzyr) { //return true; //1203backToJam1 from spell
ftem="
"
+ "HISTORIC BATTLES - The history"
+ " written about these events can be a good source for other information"
+ " about Cyriac (et al spellings) named individuals associated"
+ " with them. "
+ fwik + "List_of_battles_(alphabetical)','')"
+ f149 + fntt + "web.clas.ufl.edu/users/kapparis/AOC/chronology.htm ID=g>"
+ "GreekHistory");
if (bzyr=="cgx") { document.write(f149 + "Go to our local"
+ fnew + "cbattle.htm ID=t>Battles Page for a thorough discussion of this"
+ " issue."); }
document.write("
"); }
function chiall(txt) {
bzfil="chi-rho.htm"; bztxt=""; fil1="new"; fil3="17 HEIGHT=20";
fil2="Chi-Rho sigla (representing Christ on the Cross to ancient greek speaking Christians)";
switch(txt) {
case "big":{bztxt=""; fil3="34 HEIGHT=40"; break}
case "htm":{bztxt="web page"; break}
case "img":{bztxt=""; break}
case "sig":{bzfil="javascript:PoFile('chi-rho-sigla.gif','62','52')";
bztxt="sigla (aka monogram) "; fil1="self"; break}
default:{return false; break}
}
if (bztxt!="") {bztxt= "CHI-RHO " + bztxt }
document.write("" + bztxt + "");
}
function chirho(bzid) {
ftrss=""; if (bzid=="wrap") {
document.write(fdhed + "more on the greek CHI" + fdhen
+ fsdb + "90%','','solid purple','')" + fsen); ftrss="" + fdend }
document.write("
"
+ fscr + "chiall('big')"
+ fwik + "Chi_Rho','w')"
+ " Two greek letters form a"
+ fscr + "chiall('sig') with the greek"
+ " Rho atop the greek Chi (X). "
+ " It represents an icon for Christ on the Cross • Christ the"
+ " Redeemer • Christ Crucified that greek speakers designed and"
+ " began using about the same time (within the first two decades of"
+ " Christ's crucifixion around 28 ~ 33 AD) that they also began"
+ " referring to themselves as Christians.
"
+ fsad + "05653a','Evodius') attributes the invention of the term"
+ " Christian to the first Bishop of Antioch"
+ " appointed around 44 A.D. when the Apostle Peter left for Rome.
"
+ " The 'X' versus 'T' shaped cross was 'reportedly' more typical for Roman"
+ " executions and placing the greek 'P' atop the greek 'X' perfectly"
+ " represented a body on that type of a cross; while placing the CHI before"
+ " the RHO most perfectly represented an abbreviation for Christ's full name"
+ " in greek. (The originators of this alternative usage for"
+ fscr + "chiall('img') probably didn't witness the Crucifixion or"
+ " speak with those who did "about the exact shape of the"
+ " cross" and may have presumed an 'X' versus 'T' shaped cross.)"
+ " Having the symbols placed one atop the other most likely"
+ " also helped to confuse anyone who wasn't in on the inside information"
+ " regarding which came first when speaking the sigla or which came first"
+ " when describing what it represented. (7/3/10: ABCnews.com report)"
+ "
The questions left unanswered are:
"
+ "
What greek letters were used to represent the new Christian"
+ " appellation greek speaking Christians began using"
+ fpof + "mart0310.htm','85','40') ID=dcomic16p>to refer to themselves"
+ " when they migrated from the 'Jerusalem-in-turmoil area' to the more"
+ " peaceful Antioch area around 40 AD?"
+ "
Was " + kypiak1 + " also invented around this time - maybe to refer to"
+ " Greeks or to greek speaking Jews who"
+ fpof + "mart0310.htm','85','40') ID=dcomic16p>converted to "
+ "Christianity?"
+ "
Were there people alive before the 1st century already using "
+ kypiak1 + " as their family name?
AND, if that was the case,"
+ " was the"
+ fnew + "cyrialky.htm#kyriakakos ID=g>KYRIAKAKOS surname (and its"
+ " variations including the 'KA') created to specify those"
+ " pre-Christian era family descendents WHO DID NOT"
+ fpof + "mart0310.htm','85','40') ID=dcomic16p>convert to Christianity"
+ " and wanted to publicly identify THEMSELVES (at that time) with that"
+ " determination or status?
The August 15, 2005 issue of"
+ fntt + "newsweek.msnbc.com>Newsweek Magazine, under the "ASK TIP"
+ " SHEET" section on page 50 indicates that:
"
+ " "... the early Christian era when the X was used as a legal"
+ " signature by those who couldn't read or write. The letter, which"
+ " also represents a cross, doubled as a religious symbol, and kissing the X"
+ " (similar to kissing the Bible) sealed the signer's sincerity. "
+ " ..."
"
+ fben + "Ben Ciriacks note: Having everyone who couldn't read or write"
+ " using the same X in place of their signature didn't differentiate them"
+ " from each other very much. It's also possible that they may have"
+ " been indicating an affinity with Christianity when being a"
+ " Christian was becoming more popular and advantageous."
+ fbend + "
"... Eventually he was made abbot of the nearby "
+ "monastery of Saint-Cyrgues (Cyriacus) and ordained a priest. ..."
+ ""
and the St. Patrick Catholic Church (Washington, DC) site amplifies"
+ " that information to indicate that the monastery is located near Clermont in the Auvergne region of France."
+ " A possible 5th century Abbey of St. Cyriacus is"
+ " mentioned at one, two and yet a "
+ "third site; the last of which also has him born in Mesopotamia (Iraq),"
+ " captured by bandits in Egypt, and migrating to the"
+ " Clermont, Gaul (modern France) area to become Abbot of Saint Cyriacus abbey"
+ " before dying around 480 of natural causes. "
+ fwik + "Auvergne',' ') "
+ fwik + "Clermont-Ferrand','w')"
+ "
The domain of"
+ fntt + "www.saint-cyrgues.com/ ID=c>Château Saint-Cyrgues is precisely"
+ " located where the Church of Saint-Circe des Marges was found"
+ " in ruins in 1654. The latter was part of the St-Cyrgues"
+ " Priory, which was dependent upon Psalmodie's abbey, where the monks"
+ " already cultivated vines.
"
+ fsgo + "+"Saint-Circe des Marges"','smano') "
+ fsgo + "+Psalmodie +abbey','smano')");
}
function dasumian() {
filpop=" (Roman/Latin dating convention)";
document.write(""
+ "
"
+ "
"
+ "
"
+ "Catacomb of Callistus, fourth century:"
+ "
DASVMIA QVIRIACE BONE FEMINE"
+ " PALVMBRA SENe FELlE . . . QVÆ VIXIT ANNOS LXVI DEPOSITA IIII KAL"
+ " MARTIAS IN PACE
Cyriaca, a member"
+ " of the noble Dasumian family, who died at the age of"
+ " sixty-six years, is called a 'dove without bitterness', a eulogy that is"
+ " found on other female graves. " + filpop
+ " IIII KAL = IV KAL = 29th of ?JUL?"
+ " Source: " + fsad
+ "03417b','Roman Catacombs - Catacomb of Callistus, 4th century')."
+ "
" + fscr + "rossiref('bib')
"
+ "
"
+ " CHAPTER III. ANALYTICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PLAN OF THE MOST"
+ " IMPORTANT AREA OF THE CEMETERY OF ST CALLIXTUS. ... page 374 (p. 456 of"
+ " the larger book) has:
"
+ ""The chamber P1 has its entrance almost blocked"
+ " up by the staircase P, which has been already described, page 355. "
+ " The walls of the chamber are in a very ruinous state, and the loculi broken. It is not"
+ " easy to determine whether the "
+ " arcosolium at the end of it was made within a pre-existing"
+ " recess, or whether the brickwork and marble with which it has been"
+ " adorned were later additions; but it is certain that before these"
+ " portions were added, with the inscription to Dasumia Quirica which occupies the lunette, there"
+ " was a simple loculus, closed with a slab of marble, which these"
+ " constructions afterwards covered. Above the door was found in 1854"
+ " the inscription of the year 290:
"
+ "
VIBIV . FIMVS R . VII KA SEP"
+ " DIC .IIII . ET MAX . COS.
"
+ "
Vibius Fimus died (recessit) August 26th, when"
+ " Diocletian for the fourth time and"
+ " Maximinus were Consuls."
+ filpop
+ " VII KA SEP = 26th of Aug"
+ "
[ 09o22: This an example of the abbreviated"
+ " 'MAX' in the inscription being interpreted as Maximinus (Daia)"
+ " [ 305~313 ] instead of Maximian[ "
+ "285~305 ], the real 'COS' with Diocletion[ 284~305"
+ " ] up until 305 A.D. ]"
+ " (QVIRIACE and QUIRICA do not match but should. If the"
+ " latter form is correct, then this may not be our Cyriaca at"
+ " all.)"
+ "
This laudation was probably prepared by Furius Dionysius Philocalus under the direction of Church"
+ " Administrator Damasus when the Calixtus catacomb (among others) was being"
+ " rehabilitated for the tourists of the day - the Pilgrims. It was"
+ " found in the most ancient, central complex containing also the Crypts of the Popes and Cecilia."
+ "
This Dasumian reference to nobility has only been found"
+ " elsewhere in the Will of 'Dasumius' in a listing of Roman"
+ " Funerals and Other Death Rituals and at P. Dasumius Rusticus"
+ ", Consules Ordanarii to Imperator Hadrianus III in 119 A.D."
+ "
");
}
function vatican(txt) { // called at end of >hecht, too!
document.write(fben + "4/28/10: Very noteworthy is the fact that our"
+ fcyr + " is associated with one of the most revered"
+ fpti + " of the Roman Catholic Church, and is said to have been a"
+ fnew + "csx.htm#kellinghusen>Patron Saint of the Papal States but is"
+ " not among the" + fntt
+ "saintpetersbasilica.org/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints-List-Colonnades.htm>"
+ "140 saints on the Colonnades overlooking St. Peter's Square in Vatican"
+ " City. We need to add a narrative here regarding the"
+ " political-cultural controversy surrounding our"
+ fcyr + " - most especially inside Italy and among 'some' of the leaders of"
+ " the Church over the centuries." + fbend);
}
function herak(txt) { //this needs trf to spell; innerds to new popherak
bzw="98"; if (txt=="spn") { bzw="69";}
ftem="
Ben Ciriacks note: Although many"
+ " references use the anglicized Cyriacus with the soft 'sear'"
+ " or 'sere' sound, it"
+ " seems (to me) more likely that the harder 'care' or 'cure' sound is what"
+ " was heard and translated to become the arabic 'h' used here - primarily"
+ " because the arabic speaking translators were hearing the ancient greek Kyriakos from Greeks prior to the 5th century - before the"
+ " softer sounding Cyriacus was introducing (?by non-greek"
+ " speaking latins?) in the newly organizing/arising 'legally"
+ " Christian' Roman Empire of the 4th and 5th centuries."
+ "These spellings may refer to our Saint"
+ " Cyriacus the Anchorite (448~557), who could have been the 5th-6th"
+ " century copiest (not the author) of the Gospel of Gamaliel: Early Evidence"
+ " for the Survival of Jesus' Shroud (discussion & links site), among other"
+ " ancient, valuable and important documents worthy of being skillfully"
+ " copied - 10 centuries before the invention of the printing press made the"
+ " process much more efficient and affordable. This 'copiest'"
+ " was referred to as Heryaqos Bishop of Al-Bahnasa (aka Abba Heryaqos (Cyriacus of Behensa) - "
+ "al-Bahnasa is also referred to as Oxyrhynchus. "
+ " "
+ " "
+ "The Princeton U. web site has FIVE (5) separate references to the Anaphora of the Virgin Mary, 1700s and various parchments as"
+ " manusccript copies of the Qeddase Maryam (Qeddāsē Māryām)"
+ " attributed to Abba Heryaqos (Cyriacus) of Behensa"
+ " (Behensā). In addition, the Publications -"
+ " Department of Assyriology - Books to be published soon has:
"
+ " W. H. van Soldt Altbabylonische Briefe in Umschrift und Ubersetzung,"
+ " volume 12: Letters in the British Museum (December 1989). W. H. van"
+ " Soldt Studies in the Akkadian Texts from Ugarit; Dating and Grammar"
+ " (March 1990)."
+ " Sinological Institute/ Documentation and Research Centre for Contemporary China"
+ " . . ."
+ " Cod. Or. 20.943-20.962 Psalters with the usual cantica and prayers"
+ " . . ."
+ " (20.947, 20.948, 20.951, 20.955, 20.962), Anaphora of St. Mary by"
+ " Cyriacus of Behensa"
+ " . . ."
+ " (20.961)."
+ " . . ."
+ " Cod. Or. 20.971-20.985 Psalters with the usual cantica and prayers"
+ " . . ."
+ " (20.977, 20.980), Prayers of Cyriacus of Behensa"
+ " (20.982).
"); }
document.write("
");
}
function kypimg(bzfil,tgg) {
fil0="new"; fil1=".jpg"; fill="136 HEIGHT=24";
var test=bzfil + " ";j=test.length;if (j<=1||test==bzun2) { bzfil="" }
else { if (j>=3) {bzfil = bzfil + ".htm" } }
var test=tgg + " ";j=test.length;
if (tgg=="dbl") { fil1="1.gif"; fill="172 HEIGHT=32" } else {
if (j<=1||test==bzun2) { fil1="1.gif"; fill="86 HEIGHT=16" } }
if (tgg=="big") { fill="272 HEIGHT=48" }
if (bzfil=="") { fil0="self" }
document.write("");
}
function kyrcyr() { //11123: "kypiako(" NOT! when bib.js had var kypiako=...
document.write("
" + fpof
+ "kypiakob.htm','99','54')> The last inscription on page 250 of the" + fnew
+ "cbx.htm#marucchi>Orazio Marucchi book has this 3rd/4th century"
+ " inscription from a catacomb in Rome. It represents one of the"
+ " earliest" + fnew + "cvx.htm ID=16gr>inscribed in stone"
+ " evidences of the"
+ fnew + "cyrialky.htm#kyriakou ID=g>"
+ " spelling of our family surname - it becomes"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriacus ID=c>CYRIACUS in latinized english;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriax ID=c>CYRIAX in ancient, possibly"
+ " Christian-Greek influenced anglo-saxon germanic-english;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriacks ID=c>CYRIACKS and"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriakus ID=c>CYRIAKUS in german;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyr ID=c>CYR,"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriac ID=c>CYRIAC and"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriaque ID=c>CYRIAQUE in french;"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm#ciriaco ID=c>CIRIACO in italian, portuguese & spanish;"
+ fnew + "cyrialda.htm#dominica ID=k>DOMINICA in latinized/translated italian;"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm#ciriacks ID=c>CIRIACKS in" + fnew + "ciriacks.htm"
+ " ID=cy>Wisconsin; and" + fnew + "cyrialca.htm>thousands of other "
+ "spelling variations throughout the rest of the world. (See our local"
+ fnew +"cyrialky.htm#kyriakos ID=g>KYRIAKOS spelling entry for an"
+ " earlier 2nd century reference in Jerusalem and the mid-3rd century"
+ fnew + "cvx.htm#antonia ID=c>Antonia Cyriace tombstone inscription"
+ " (discussed here) and shown below.)
The penultimate Popes of the then still "
+ "illegal Rome based Christian Church had very similar names"
+ " which are confused with each other in some translations of ancient records"
+ ". Of Pope Marcellinus, who reigned from"
+ fntt + "www.newadvent.org/Popes/ppmi01.htm>296 to 304, we have:"'... his head was cut off, his body, along with those of other"
+ " martyrs, was left lying on the street for twenty-six days to terrify the"
+ " Christians. Then a priest buried the Pope in the Cemetery of"
+ " Priscilla."'"
+ "
All eleven Popes before him had been buried in Calixtus. One"
+ " of his final acts may have been to secure the assets of the Church -"
+ " especially the" + fnew + "crypopet.htm>Crypt of the Popes and the"
+ " entrances to all the underground cemeteries"
+ fnew + "catacomb.htm>(catacombs). It appears that the entire"
+ " leadership of the Church was eliminated with no one left knowing where"
+ " those assets were - including the knowledge that the"
+ fnew + "crypopet.htm>Crypt of the Popes had been set aside as the"
+ " special burial place for the most revered Bishops-Saints-Martyrs. "
+ " Rather than being left for 26 days to 'terrify' the Christians, it's"
+ " possible that there were no fellow Christians responsible for burials"
+ " left alive to do so. And the mass killings ongoing at the time"
+ " would by themselves have been enough to terrify anyone."
+ "
It's also doubtful that even a priest survived to bury him later. "
+ " The individual may have become a priest later, but was more likely just a"
+ " regular Christian who had managed to survive that round of killings."
+ "
The proof of the severity of the " + ffgp
+ " lies in the fact that there was no Bishop of Rome from the death of Pope"
+ " St. Marcellinus in 304 until the election of "
+ fntt + "www.newadvent.org/Popes/ppmu01.htm>Pope St. Marcellus I in 308"
+ ". Fours years without a leader means there were no leaders"
+ " left. And, that proves the efficacy of the organizational work of"
+ " the leadership up to this point: EVEN WITHOUT LEADERS, THE FLOCK"
+ " OF CHRISTIAN FAITHFUL RALLIES AND GROWS! That's even more"
+ " impressive when one considers that the Roman Empire was killing off as"
+ " many 'sheep' as it could, too. The account of"
+ fnew + "cqx.htm ID=18r>Sts. Cyricus and his mother, Julietta typifies"
+ " the process and points to additional sites with other narratives. "
+ " The role modeling done in the 3rd century by the Pope-Saint-Martyrs"
+ " buried in Calixtus was so effective that it may have been what guaranteed"
+ " the ultimate survival of Christianity when 'all the power in"
+ " the world' was thrown against it."
+ "
There was no Bishop of Rome from Marcellinus' martyrdom"
+ " in 304 to the election of Marcellus in 308. [ 7/9/10: "
+ " "Thus, for instance, it is stated of the year 304, that at"
+ " this time the "
+ fpof + "cardinal.htm','50','30') ID=12m>episcopacy ceased for seven"
+ " years, six months, and twenty-five days. This statement cannot be"
+ " reconciled even with the dates given elsewhere in the same list; but it"
+ " is observable that it was precisely during this very time that Diocletian"
+ " confiscated the loca ecclesiastica, and that the hierarchy was (at"
+ " least legally) suppressed. Again, we read in the Liber"
+ " Pontificalis that Maxentius required of St. Marcellus that he should"
+ " deny that he was a bishop, (because he had not been recognised,) and his"
+ " name accordingly does not appear in this list. ..." comes from"
+ " the middle of the top paragraph on page 20 of"
+ fnew + "cbx.htm#N>Northcote & Brownlow's translation of Giovanni"
+ " Battista de Rossi's Roma Sotterranea ...
"
+ fwik + "Pope_Eusebius',' ') and"
+ fwik + "Pope_Miltiades','') came after"
+ fwik + "Pope_Marcellinus','') and"
+ fwik + "Pope_Marcellus',''), with"
+ fwik + "Pope_Miltiades','') serving briefly after the"
+ fwik + "Edict_of_Milan','') was promulgated by"
+ fwik + "Constantine_I','') and"
+ fwik + "Licinius','') in 313 - "
+ fwik + "Pope_Sylvester_I','') served"
+ " two decades from 314 to 335 (longer than anyone since Peter 30~67) but"
+ " very little is known of him. " + fben + "Ben Ciriacks suspects"
+ " that Pope Sylvester may have served as a very trusted, capable, competent"
+ " and inconspicuous (ie., non-political, ergo not much known about him)"
+ " functionary implementing the administration and rebirth of the Rome based"
+ " Christian Church while the SUPREME ALPHA MALE of the era,"
+ " Constantine" + fpof
+ "popmax.htm','76','60','no') ID=12k>[Emperor 306-337] (with a lot of"
+ " help & prodding from his mother, Helen), directed the reorganization of"
+ " the 'state religion' so that it could become recognized as the primary"
+ " religious institution operating within Constantine's vision"
+ " of the newly (re)pacified Roman Empire - thereby fulfilling his"
+ " quest to be recognized as THE FOR REAL LEADER of the era. (Making"
+ " war is relatively easy - making peace takes real leadership and"
+ " stabilizing the rewly reorganized 'worldwide' religious structure may"
+ " have involved the greatest leadership skills.) ]
Marinus II was another one of"
+ " Prince Alberic's candidates for the papacy and another good man. "
+ " Marinus was a Roman. At the time of his election to the papacy he"
+ " was the priest of the Church of St. Ciriacus"
+ " [ aka"
+ fptic + ". ] He was elected Pope in October, 942.
"); }
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document.write("Aa~Cz" + fte1
+ ftop + "cyriandk.htm" + nqtgg + ">Da~Kz" + fte1
+ ftop + "cyrianls.htm" + nqtgg + ">La~Sz" + fte1
+ ftop + "cyriantz.htm" + nqtgg + ">Ta~Zz");
if (nqtgg!=" ID=12g") { nqtgg=".htm ID=16r"; fill=" " + ftop + "cyrial"
document.write(" NamesPages: " + ftop
+ "cyrialca" + nqtgg + ">Aa~Ch&Cj~Cx" + fill
+ "ci" + nqtgg + ">Cia~Ciz" + fill
+ "cy" + nqtgg + ">Cy~Cz" + fill
+ "da" + nqtgg + ">Da~Jz" + fill
+ "ka" + nqtgg + ">Ka~Kx" + fill
+ "ky" + nqtgg + ">Ky~Kz " + ftop
+ "cyrialna" + nqtgg + ">La~Rz" + fill
+ "sa" + nqtgg + ">Sa~Sh" + fill
+ "si" + nqtgg + ">Si~Sz" + fill
+ "ta" + nqtgg + ">Ta~Yz" + fill
+ "za" + nqtgg + ">Za~Zn" + fill
+ "zy" + nqtgg + ">Zo~Zz"); }
document.write("");
}
function newadven(txt,tgg) {
var test=tgg + " ";j=test.length;if (j<=1||test==bzun2) { tgg="" }
document.write("" + fntt + "www.newadvent.org/cathen/"
+ txt + ".htm>CatholicEncyclopedia "
+ tgg + ""); }
function chang1(txt) {
bzlower=txt.toLowerCase();
document.write(" " + txt + " spelling change");
}
function changes(bzid) { //2011509: k didn't work!! z does?
var chfill = " ";
var chfil0="VERY SIGNIFICANT SPELLING CHANGES ";
var chexitnow="";
var chfil3 = " ";
var chfil4 = "";
if (bzid!="cirak2") {
j=bzid.indexOf("2"); z=bzid.length; if (j>=3||z<=1||z==1) { chfil0=""; } }
if (bzid=="all") {
chfil1 = "
"
} else { chfil3 = " spelling change" + chfil3; }
chfill=chfill+""
// see comments above at cirak2
if (bzid!="csorna2"&&bzid!="end") {
document.write("
" + chfil0 + ""); }
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="chiriacka") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CHIRIACKA"
+ " < CHIARKAS < KYRIAKAKOS" + chfil3 + "8/6/03: "
+ " A common happenstance when doing genealogical research is that one"
+ " discovery leads to a cascade of others. Such was the case with the"
+ " Chiriacka"
+ " spelling of our surname - discovered in the August 2003 issue of "
+ "Smithsonian Magazine. On page 57 of the cover story article, Pulp Art Gets a Little Respect, Ernest Chiriacka is referred to and quoted several times."
+ " Googling"
+ fsgo + "chiriacka','now')"
+ " returned a (now defunct) web site and email link. An exchange of emails with the"
+ " webmaster led to the VERY IMPORTANT INFORMATION that the original Greek"
+ " spelling was "
+ "KYRIAKAKOS and that ANOTHER VARIATION is the still popular CHIARKAS! "
+ " The discovery of this spelling also motivated (at long last) the creation of the following"
+ " historical image file: "
+ fscr + "kyrcyr() "
+ "The Chiriacka spelling (and subsequent"
+ " searches) also resulted in the discovery of an additional 73 surnames"
+ " - bringing the total at that time to 1181. Go to the exchange of emails link to read a lot more"
+ " about all this and our Greek connections."
+ " See Cirák for a similar cascade of"
+ " discoveries in July 2009 emanating from emails with"
+ " Gabriel - Gabriel initially disbelieving that Cirak could possibly have anything to do with the"
+ " greek KYRIAKOU until we proved otherwise.");
}
// cirak2 and csorna2 are called only by ccsorna.htm in order to show their
// spelling derivation boxes - the meat is now in the ccsorna,htm file.
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cirak"||bzid=="cirak2"||bzid=="chirak"||bzid=="czirak"||bzid=="cziraky"||bzid=="tsirak"||bzid=="zyrak"||bzid=="zyriacus") {
document.write(""
+ chfill + "CIRÁK<CZIRÁK<Zyrak<Zyriacus<Cyriacus & "
+ "CZIRÁKY<Zyriacus<Cyriacus" + chfil3);
if (bzid=="cirak2") { document.write(" "); return true; } else {
document.write(fscr + "csorna('cgx')"); }
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="ciriack") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CIRIACK < CYRIAX"
+ chfil3 + " the Cyriax in this instance in the one with the hard 'K' sound"
+ " at the end, as in the greek 'chi' which looks like an X.");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write(fscr + "chang1('Cyriax')");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="ciriacks") {
document.write("" + chfill + ""
+ " < < Cyriacks" + chfil3 + " this change is"
+ " most significant because it involves one of the largest extant variations"
+ " of the spelling of our Kyriakou originated surname - namely"
+ " the more than one hundred Ciriacks surnamed individuals who,"
+ " along with several hundred of their other surnamed first cousins, can"
+ " call Claus Hinrich Ciriacks of"
+ " Jackson, Wisconsin their great Grandfather. The modern"
+ " beginnings of our can be"
+ " traced back to this Hinrich's younger brother, Hermann, who disappeared"
+ " and was thought to have connections to a presumed millionaire in the"
+ " Hollywood of the Roaring Twenties."
+ "
"
+ " ");
}
if (bzid=="all") {
document.write(" ");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="csorna"||bzid=="csorna2"||bzid=="sorna"||bzid=="zorna"||bzid=="zyriacus") {
document.write("" + chfill
+ "CSORNA < CYRIACUS de Serna" + chfil3);
if (bzid=="csorna2") { return true; } else {
document.write(" "); }
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyiark") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYIARK < CYRIAQUE" + chfil3
+ " This surname would seem easier to pronounce as [seer-ee-ark] when"
+ " spelled CYRIARK but that"
+ " would also be wrong - it is prounouced [seer-ee-ak] as though the"
+ " spelling were CYRIAK. "
+ " It originates from the CYRIAQUE"
+ " spelling - both appearing in Louisiana"
+ ". (Ben Ciriacks, original webmaster of this"
+ " site, discovered this spelling on Ken Cyiark's real estate sign in April 2004. He walked by it on"
+ " the way to work at the spring election polling place a couple blocks from"
+ " his former family homestead in Milwaukee. Weeks later, Ben hired"
+ " Ken to handle the sale of his home and discovered how the name was"
+ " pronounced and how they could possibly be distant relatives through"
+ " Africa, France and/or Italy.)");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write("");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cirk"||bzid=="cyriack"||bzid=="sirk") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRIACK <" + " CYRIACKS"
+ chfil3 + " In the USA, this 'dropping of the s' at the end happened in the"
+ " 20th century with members of the Fred Cyriacks' Minnesota branch of our family, one of whom (John)"
+ " moved to Omaha but had no male descendents. Notable is that these"
+ " Nebraska Cyriacks and Wisconsin Ciriacks cousins"
+ " pronounce the name as"
+ fpso + "(sir-ick) or"
+ fpso + "(sir-icks) depending upon whether they're Cyriack or"
+ " Cyriacks, respectively. It should also be noted that Nebraska"
+ " has its own Brun Cyriacks (brother of Fred) descended branch that still"
+ " pronounces the name as"
+ fpso + "(seer-ee-ax), which is pretty much the way it's pronounced by"
+ " Ciriacks Cyriacks Cyriaks Cyriax surnamed individuals throughout the"
+ " world - except for those extended 'presumed' family"
+ " members using the 'G', 'K', 'Q', 'Z' (et al) beginnings."
+ " [ Using this as a modern example, it's easy to see how"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm#cirks ID=dcomic20>Cirks, "
+ fnew + "cyrialsa.htm#sirk ID=dcomic20>Sirk and hundreds of other"
+ " spellings and pronunciations could have come about. ]");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write(fscr + "chang1('Cyriacks')");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyrgues"||bzid=="cyriague"||bzid=="cyriakou") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRGUES/CIRGUES "
+ " < ?CYRIAGUE? < ?CYRIAQUE? < ?CYRIAKOU? < ?KYRIAKOU?"
+ chfil3 + " [ We have yet to find a single specific instance"
+ " where any of these possible spelling changes occurred in the linguistic"
+ " history of France. ]"
+ fscr + "cyrgues()");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyriacks") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRIACKS" + " < CYRIACUS"
+ chfil3 + " the modern 'cks' sounds the same as the modern 'x'"
+ ", but when the change from the harder sounding 'cus' or 'kus' and greek"
+ " 'chi' or 'k' sounds happened is as yet unknown.");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyriacus") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRIACUS/CYRIAKUS"
+ " < KYRIAKUS"
+ chfil3 + fpso + "(seer-ee-ah-koos) this change is probably the"
+ " earliest hint that the ancient and original usage of the latinized 'C'"
+ " was the hard sound as in Candy and equivalent to the more greek 'K' than"
+ " to the modern and softer alternative as in City. CYRIACUS,"
+ " KYRIAKOU and CYRIAX appear to be"
+ " the oldest historical spellings of our family name. "
+ "Cyriaci is often seen in place of Cyriacus in"
+ " ancient Rome - see references in the"
+ fpof + "legend.htm#refs','99','60')>Genesis-Legend file.");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyriaque") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRIAQUE" + " < CYRIAX"
+ chfil3 + " the Cyriax in this instance is the one with"
+ " the hard 'K' sound at the end, as in the greek 'chi' which looks like an"
+ " X. It's presumed that the ancient french alphabet converted the"
+ " hard ending Cyriax to Cyriaque."
+ "
As recently as 1865, The Grande Dictionnaire Universal, Du"
+ " XIX Siecle, Paris (1865) had the following entries using the Cyriaque spelling for notable individuals:
Cyriaque de Mangin"
+ " (Clement), medecin et poete francais, ne a Cugny-sur-Saone, mort a"
+ " Paris en 1642. Il etait tres verse dans l'etude des langues et des"
+ " sciences, et completa ses connaissances dans des voyages en Italie, en"
+ " Pologne, en Allemagne et dans les Pays-Bas. On a de lui un ouvrage"
+ " intitule: Problemata duo nobilissima (Paris, 1616, in -4°)."
+ " (Clement wrote under the pseudonym, Denis Henrion.)
"
+ "
And, to confuse matters some more, the presumably also french La Grande Encyclopedia, Vol. XIII (estimated 1900s) has this"
+ " entry using the another spelling for the first notable shown above:
CYRIACUS,"
+ " patriarche de Constantinople, mort en 602. il prit comme son"
+ " predecesseur, Jean IV le Jeuneur anquel il succeda en 595, le titre de"
+ " patriarche oecumenique, malgre les vehementes et peserverantes"
+ " protestations de Gregoire I de Rome. Lorsqu 'en 602, Phoeas"
+ " s'empara du trone, Cyriacus protesta contre"
+ " l'execution de la veuve de l'empereur Maurice et de ses trois chfilles qui"
+ " s'etaient refuglecs dans l'eglise Sante-Sophie, tandis que Boniface III"
+ " de Rome se commettait avec Phocas pour obtenir que le titre de"
+ " partriarche oecumenique fut aboli et que Rome fut reconnue comme Caput"
+ " omnium ellecsiarum. Cyriacus mourut avant que"
+ " cet edit fut rendu.
"
+ "
But, the following quote regarding our own CIRIACO DE' PIZZICOLLI (aka Cyriacus of"
+ " Ancona) should clarify the differing spellings:
"
+ ""Called Cyriacus in Latin, German, and sometimes in English; Cyriaque"
+ " in French; and Ciriaco de' Pizzecolli in Italian. He usually signed"
+ " himself as Kyriacus Anconitanus de Picenicollibus"
+ " (abbreviated to K.A.P.) or, occasionally in his later years, as Kuriakos ho ex Ankônos." source page)
"
+ " To further highlight the point that Cyriaque is Cyriacus in french, the Abbatiale-Saint-Cyriaque-et-ses-Jardins (church with picture of same)"
+ " site is the location where some "
+ "narratives indicate Cyriacus at the Baths' relics are located.");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write("");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="cyriax") {
document.write("" + chfill + "CYRIAX <"
+ " ?(CYRIAC or KYRIAC)?"
+ chfil3 + " CYRIAX and CYRIACUS are"
+ " the oldest Roman derived forms of the spelling of KYRIAKOU"
+ " found outside of Italy. The Western Greek"
+ fscr + "wiki('X','w') [ "
+ fscr + "wiki('Chi_(letter)') ] may"
+ " have been introduced to signify an affilition with Christianity - the "
+ "Christianity that existed before the 4th century when Christianty was"
+ " illegal and any profession of which was a sign of faith, devotion and"
+ " courage. [ The pronunciation for the first CYRIAX spelling may have changed from a hard 'keer' to a"
+ " soft 'seer' beginning out of respect for the former's being associated"
+ " with Jesus Christ in greek. The hard 'K' sound at the"
+ " end was easier to keep - some may still do so, but we've yet to find any."
+ " In any case, the spelling and eventually the pronunciation evolved"
+ " into the soft 'S' at the beginning and relatively soft 'KS' (modern X) at"
+ " the end. ]"
+ ""
+ "
"
+ " So far, the CYRIAX spelling is the oldest, most"
+ " continuous found in Germany for human beings as opposed to edifices -"
+ " going back to Michael of 1581 ~ 1632/8. "
+ " Hints as to the possibility that Cyriax is the oldest"
+ " 'German' spelling of the family name are reinforced in a letter written"
+ " on 2/18/1975 by a senior member of the Cyriax family"
+ " in California. In it, she states:
... we are the real Cyriax, because we never changed our spelling"
+ ". This I know because Grandpa Cyriax told me"
+ " this many years ago. He said we were Greek way back."
+ "
In Washington there is a bible insured for $1 million dollars. "
+ " It's called the Cyriax Bible. ... I was"
+ " in Palm Springs sitting in the theater there. When Eisenhower was"
+ " President (1953 ~ 1960) on the screen showed a Cyriax presenting this bible. He said it belonged"
+ " to the Cyriax family. It was to be put in the"
+ " library in Washington. Was I shocked because Cyriax"
+ " is not a very well known name ...
"
+ "
No other references to a 'Cyriax Bible' have been noted, and a quick search of the Library of"
+ " Congress has found none. There were 220 references to Syriac"
+ " and bibles in the Library of Congress catalog as of April 3rd, 2000."
+ "
Family Newsletter article - 1976
"
+ "
SYDNEY, Australia. A tiny Bible, believed to date from"
+ " the 12th century or earlier and written in Cyriac,"
+ " has been offered for sale by a Turkish migrant in order to raise money"
+ " for the Syrian Orthodox Church in Sydney. The price being"
+ " negotiated is in the six figures. [ "
+ " Cyriac may just be a mispelling of Syriac in this article. ]"
+ "
The 2 inch x 2-1/8 inch Bible was acquired"
+ " about 1914 by the migrant's grandfather, a priest in the same Syrian"
+ " church, from a Moslem Kurd. He gave 150 acres of land in exchange"
+ " for the book. Bishop Mar Yawanis of the city of Gargar, now in"
+ " Turkey, copied the four Gospels on heavy paper in black, red, blue and"
+ " gold inks. (Syrian Orthodox Resources site.)"
+ "
Our thanks to Robert Cyriax R. of ..., California"
+ " [ it's his license plate shown in that half-century old"
+ " picture ], for the news which he found in a newspaper when he"
+ " was in Hong Kong. Bob is Elsa Cyriax U.'s"
+ " nephew. April 3rd, 2000 update: If the X in"
+ " Cyriax represents the Greek CHI 'AND' the name is"
+ " pronouced SEER-E-AK instead of SEER-E-AX, then the Cyriax"
+ " and Cyriac Bibles mentioned above are probably one and the same!"
+ "
[ March 25, 2009: The St Katherine Monastery and Mount Moses"
+ " in South Sinai (Egypt) web site has:
The Library"
+ " represents one of the richest collections in the world. Out of 6000"
+ " manuscripts, 3000 are ancient, some of them older than the monastery"
+ " itself. Written in Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Armenian Georgian"
+ ", Coptic, Polish and Slavic, the manuscripts deal with theological,"
+ " scientific, liturgical and historical issues. The Codex"
+ " Syriacus is a 5th century translation of the Gospels in "
+ "Syriac and the oldest translation of the bible into any "
+ " other language. It is the oldest after the theft of the Codex Sinaiticus"
+ " by von Tischendorff in 1859. The Codex Sinaiticus dates"
+ " from the 4th century and shares with the Codex Vaticanus to be the first"
+ " copies of the Greek Bible.
"
+ fntt + "www.schoyencollection.com/apocrypha.htm ID=18t>Images of Codex"
+ " Syriacus & reference to it being ("
+ fwik + "Cross_in_Christian_Art') ) preserved in the Laurentian"
+ " Library at Florence. ]
"
+ "
The first notable item from her letter is the 'He said"
+ " we were Greek way back.' The second is the "
+ "'never changed our spelling' statement - something highly likely"
+ " to have been passed along in the oral history of a family. It may"
+ " refer to the fact that those remaining in the area of Germany where Cyriax was the most ancient form of the family name"
+ " (around"
+ fnew + "erfurt.htm>Erfurt/Gotha/Weimar) were"
+ " aware of that fact. They were also aware that various other family"
+ " branches within Germany had begun seeing their surname spellings changed"
+ " (if they were literate enough to notice) to"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm>dozens of other variations surviving to this day."
+ "
The final notable item is the implication that the pronunciation being"
+ " referred to IS with an 'ACK' ending (as in Syriac) - not the"
+ " modern 'ACKS' that we now use for Cyriax, Ciriacks"
+ " and Cyriacks. This also points to the original 'X' sound as the"
+ " hard 'K' or 'Chi' in the greek alphabet - making the original Cyriax"
+ " sound like Ciriack, Cyriac, Cyriak, Cyriack, Cyriaque and Syriac."
+ "
[ Another reference in the same February 1975 letter is to a"
+ " deceased 'big director' with the Cyriax"
+ " name in Hollywood. Other references to (him) haven't been found,"
+ " either. (4/25/10: This may be a reference to our"
+ fnew + "fred/index.html ID=18c>Hollywood Fred Cyriacks.) ]"
+ "
");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="gerace") {
document.write("" + chfill
+ "GERACE < CIRIACA or CYRYAC < KIRIAKI or IERAX" + chfil3
+ fbr2 + fscr + "spn('gerace','NO','')");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="herak"||bzid=="heraklios"||bzid=="heryakaios"||bzid=="heryaqos"||bzid=="heryaqus"||bzid=="hiryakus") {
document.write("" + chfill
+ "HERYAQOS(Heryaqus-Heraklios-Heryakaios-Hiryakus) < KYRIAKOS(Cyriacus)" + chfil3
+ fscr + "herak('')");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="kayes") {
document.write("" + chfill + "KAYES < KYRIAKOU" + chfil3
+ " - an email received"
+ " 15 Feb 2002, has:
"
+ " my great grandfather from greece had the name aristedes kyriakou and i was looking"
+ " for any info on my genealogy he changed his last name to kayes while living in san"
+ " francisco he married ...
"
+ "[ See the discussion at Aglaia/Kale Kyriakou/Cyriacus"
+ " for another short 'K' spelling associated with our longer family name."
+ " ]");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write("");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="kyriakou") {
document.write("" + chfill + "KYRIAKOU/KYRIACOU"
+ " < " + kypiak1 + chfil3
+ fscr + "kyrcyr() "
+ " this change is merely one from the greek alphabet to ancient Latin."
+ "
Until we discover more about translations from the greek alphabet"
+ " into english we are assuming that the equally large KYRIACOU branch"
+ " of the family emanating from Greece is similarly derived from "
+ kypiak1 + ". ");
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="qriaqous") {
document.write("" + chfill + "QRIAQOUS" + " < QURYAQOS"
+ chfil3 + " This spelling probably originated with someone whose first"
+ " language was not one with an english alphabet. The translation"
+ " process disregarded the 'QU' preference in english and points to a"
+ " pronunciation for this name as [keer-ee-ah-kos] versus [cure-ee-ah-cos].");
if (bzid!="all") {
document.write("");
}
}
if (bzid=="all"||bzid=="kyriakos"||bzid=="quriaqos"||bzid=="quryaqos") {
document.write("" + chfill + "QURYAQOS/QURIAQOS"
+ " < KYRIAKOS"
+ chfil3 + "This spelling appears to be a 'westernized' translation from the"
+ " local ?Arabic? alphabet that prefers the hard 'Q' to the hard 'K' or 'C'"
+ " sounds. When the earliest form of this 'Q' preference was used has"
+ " yet to be found, but the modern usage appears to refer to the Syriac"
+ " Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch during 793-817. "
+ " The Kyriakos spelling may also be used in documents"
+ " referring to this same patriarch or his similarly named successors."
+ "
Towards the end of the 15th cent., an abbot of"
+ " Lebanese origin, Quriaqos (Cyriacus,"
+ " also known as Severus) gave a fresh"
+ " impetus to the intellectual and cultural life in the Monastery. ...
"
+ " 812 or 813 AD -Quriaqos or Cyriacus Patriarch of"
+ " Antioch held ...
"
+ fscr + "antioch()"
+ fsgo + ""St. Mary the Protectress Orthodox Church" +cyriacus"
+ " +patriarch +plymouth +indiana','not') "
+ fsgo + "Quryaqos_of_Takrit','no')"
+ " [ For purposes of our ,"
+ " QURYAQOS will be the spelling used to refer to all"
+ " variations of the name that begin with a 'Q' which refer to the early 4th"
+ " century martyr we know as "
+ "CYRIACUS at the Baths. ]");
}
document.write("
Our encoding/genesis/legend file has more"
+ " regarding surname spellings. It can safely be assumed that"
+ " thousands of other individuals have had their surnames changed over the"
+ " centuries for innumerable reasons."
+ "
" + chexitnow);
}
function councils() {
ftem="Cyriacus"
fte1=fbr2 + f149
document.write(fsdb + "99%','','solid navy','')" + fsen
+ "Councils, locales and miscellaneous references to prominent "
+ ftem + " named individuals of the 4th ~ 6th centuries:"
+fte1+fsad+"15063d','"+ftem+" at Council of Nicaea (325)')"
+fte1+fwik+"Aquileia','w') Councils at Aquileia (381+) "
+fntt+"www.newadvent.org/fathers/f3809.htm> Synod of Constantinople (382)"
+fte1+fsad+"05007c','"+ftem+" of Diocletianopolis (431 - ancient Thracia - modern Hisarya, Bulgaria)')"
+fte1+fsad+"09105a','"+ftem+" & Robber Council of Ephesus (449)')"
+fte1+fwik+"Council_of_Chalcedon','w') (ancient Constantinople 451)"
+fte1+fsad+"15063d','"+ftem+" of Trocmada(des) (451 Titular see of Galatia Secunda)')"
+fte1+fsad+"03395c','"+ftem+" of Carystus (458)')"
+fte1+fsad+"02329b','"+ftem+" of Basilinopolis (518) & Chalcedon (451) reference')"
+fte1+fsad+"06752a','"+ftem+", Byzantine Patriarch (588)')
"); }
function wrap(tgg,d2) {
d3=""; ftwp=""; ftw1="m"; bzl=tgg.toLowerCase(); bzu=tgg.toUpperCase()
switch(bzl) {
case "artemia" :{d3="legend or reality"; break}
case "antioch" :{bzu="Antioch References"; d3="1st c. Christian HQ"; break}
case "butleref":{bzu="AlbanButler"; d3="18th c. LivesOfTheSaints"; break}
case "capgref" :{d3="Friar Capgraye"; bzu="Ye Solace of Pilgrimes"
if (d2=="cir") { bzu="'old title' Dominicum" }
break}
case "changes" :{bzu="Significant Spelling Change";
d3="" + d2.toUpperCase() + ""; break}
case "councils":{d3="Cyriac... related"; ftw1="dp"; break}
case "cyriaci" :{d3="earliest form of our family name"; ftw1="c"; break}
case "cyrzyr" :{bzu="Cyriacus/Zyriacus";
d3="13th c. family?"; break}
case "deacon" :{d3="ancient history"; ftw1="dp"; break}
case "dioc" :{bzu="Diocletian, Nicomedia, ..."; break}
case "herak" :{bzu="Heraklios et al"; ftw1="t"
d3="arabic Cyriacus"; break}
case "kyriakon":{d2=bzl + "','no','"; bzl="spn"; ftw1="g"
d3="Dominicum or The Church (edifice)"; break}
case "parkeref":{bzu="John Henry Parker"; break}
case "trunk" :{bzu="Uncle Herman's Trunk"; d3=d2; d2=""; break}
case "tukoref" :{bzu="Tukor & Malleson"; d3="Handbook to Christian ... Rome"
if (d2=="dom") { bzu="S. MARIA IN DOMNICA"; ftw1="c" }
break}
case "world" :{bzu="Encyclopedia of World Art";
d3="Cyriacus Of Ancona Spellings"; break}
case "yongref" :{bzu="SundayNames"; if (d3=="domi") { bzu="Dominic.. et al" }
d3="History of Christian Names"; break}
default : {break}
}
j=bzu.indexOf("" + bzu + "" }
ftw1=f149; if (d3=="") { ftw1="" } else {d3="" + d3 + "" }
document.write(fdhed + bzu + ftw1 + d3 + fdhen + ftwp
+ fscr + bzl + "('" + d2 + "')" + fsen + ftwp + fdend); }
web site:
" + bztxt + "
The last inscription on page 250 of the" + fnew
+ "cbx.htm#marucchi>Orazio Marucchi book has this 3rd/4th century"
+ " inscription from a catacomb in Rome. It represents one of the"
+ " earliest" + fnew + "cvx.htm ID=16gr>inscribed in stone"
+ " evidences of the"
+ fnew + "cyrialky.htm#kyriakou ID=g>
"
+ " spelling of our family surname - it becomes"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriacus ID=c>CYRIACUS in latinized english;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriax ID=c>CYRIAX in ancient, possibly"
+ " Christian-Greek influenced anglo-saxon germanic-english;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriacks ID=c>CYRIACKS and"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriakus ID=c>CYRIAKUS in german;"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyr ID=c>CYR,"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriac ID=c>CYRIAC and"
+ fnew + "cyrialcy.htm#cyriaque ID=c>CYRIAQUE in french;"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm#ciriaco ID=c>CIRIACO in italian, portuguese & spanish;"
+ fnew + "cyrialda.htm#dominica ID=k>DOMINICA in latinized/translated italian;"
+ fnew + "cyrialci.htm#ciriacks ID=c>CIRIACKS in" + fnew + "ciriacks.htm"
+ " ID=cy>Wisconsin; and" + fnew + "cyrialca.htm>thousands of other "
+ "spelling variations throughout the rest of the world. (See our local"
+ fnew +"cyrialky.htm#kyriakos ID=g>KYRIAKOS spelling entry for an"
+ " earlier 2nd century reference in Jerusalem and the mid-3rd century"
+ fnew + "cvx.htm#antonia ID=c>Antonia Cyriace tombstone inscription"
+ " (discussed here) and shown below.)![KYPIAKO=KYRIAKOU=CYRIACUS](kyriakou.gif")
CatholicEncyclopedia "
+ tgg + "
"
+ " < 
< Cyriacks" + chfil3 + " this change is"
+ " most significant because it involves one of the largest extant variations"
+ " of the spelling of our Kyriakou originated surname - namely"
+ " the more than one hundred Ciriacks surnamed individuals who,"
+ " along with several hundred of their other surnamed first cousins, can"
+ " call 
![CYRIAX license plate on Mercedes-Benz 190SL](cyriax-plate.jpg")
